Overview
Dyslipidemia is a condition in which the concentration of fats (lipids) in the blood is abnormally high or low (increased LDL-C, decreased HDL-C, increased triglycerides). Lipids are molecules that do not dissolve in water and are transported in the blood by proteins. The size of these proteins determines the density of the lipoprotein (a substance formed from lipids and proteins). The density of the lipoprotein and the type of apolipoprotein it contains determine the molecule’s function and affect metabolism.
Dyslipidemia is divided into two main types:
- Primary dyslipidemia: Usually caused by genetic factors (such as receptor protein mutations). This factor causes many severe cardiovascular diseases very early in life and limits life expectancy.
- Secondary dyslipidemia: Caused by lifestyle factors or medical conditions that affect blood lipid levels, arising from other underlying conditions such as diabetes.
Dyslipidemia is very common and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke because of its effect on the process of arterial atherosclerosis. However, these risk factors can be controlled through lifestyle changes, screening, and early detection.
Heart and brain vessel screening
Early screening helps assess the risk of arterial atherosclerosis – the main cause of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Through a blood lipid panel (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides) combined with an assessment of risk factors and imaging, doctors can detect dyslipidemia early even before symptoms appear, and then propose a treatment plan and appropriate lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular complications and stroke.